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Life cycle assessment of open and closed hydroponic systems for vegetable (tomato and cucumber) production in arid lands

Author:

Eihab Fathelrahman,Raeda Osman,Sabeera Haris,Munjed Maraqa,Tamrat Gebiso,Berhanu Degefa,Elke Neumann,Dana Hoag

Publication:

Journal of Cleaner Production

Publisher:

Elsevier

Date:

1 December 2025

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