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Programming on Bitcoin: A Survey of Layer 1 and Layer 2 Technologies in Bitcoin Ecosystem

Author:

Guofu Liao,Taotao Wang,Long Shi,Jiqun Zhang,Yihan Xia,Qing Yang,Xiaoxiao Wu,Shengli Zhang

Publication:

Blockchain: Research and Applications

Publisher:

Elsevier

Date:

Available online 24 October 2025

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